Two Tribal settlements (Kattupatti and Kuzhipatti) of Pulayar people group inside the limit of Anamalai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu are preparing for their yearly celebration of local deity Vairapattan. 

Main key points 

About Pulayar Community: 

The Pulayar, likewise Pulaya, or Holeya or Cheramar, are one of the principle gatherings of people found in Kerala, Karnataka and in chronicled Tamil Nadu or Tamilakam. 

They are a Scheduled Caste in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. 

Pulayas are noted for their music, craftsmanship, and for specific moves which incorporate, 

Kōlam-thullal, a veil dance which is essential for their expulsion ceremonies, and 

Mudi-āttam or hair-dance which has its beginnings in a ripeness custom. 

Mahatma Ayyankali was called as Pulaya King. 

Ayyankali in 1893 rode a bull truck testing the 'restriction' on untouchables from getting to public streets by standing Hindus. 

Ayyankali turned into an expressed protestor for Pulayar rights. In light of the fights drove through Ayyankali, in 1907 an announcement was given to admit understudies from the unapproachable organization to government schools. 

Anamalai Tiger Reserve: 

About: 

It is one of the four Tiger Reserves in Tamil Nadu. It frames part of the Southern Western Ghats. 

It frames part of the Anamalai Parambikulam Elephant Reserve pronounced in 2003. 

It is encircled by Parambikulam Tiger Reserve on the East, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and Eravikulam National Park on the South Western side (all have a place with Kerala). 

The hold is likewise encircled by Nenmara, Vazhachal, Malayattur and Marayur held timberlands of Kerala. 

The reaches found in this save incorporate Amaravathi, Udumalpet, Pollachi, Ulandy, Valparai and Manamboli. 

Anthropological Diversity: 

The territory has critical anthropological variety with in excess of 4600 Adivasi individuals from six clans of native individuals living in 34 settlements. 

The clans are the Kadars, Malasars, Malaimalasar, Pulaiyars, Muduvars and the Eravallan (Eravalar). 

Flora: It incorporates wet evergreen woods and semi-evergreen backwoods, montane shola-field, soggy deciduous, dry deciduous, thistle timberlands and bogs. 

Fauna: The significant warm blooded animals include: Asiatic elephant, Sambar, Spotted deer, Barking deer, Mouse deer, Gaur, Nilgiri tahr, Tiger, and so forth 

Other Protected Areas in Tamil Nadu: 

Mudumalai Tiger Reserve 

Kalakkad - Mundanthurai TR 

Sathyamangalam TR 

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 

Mukurthi National Park 

Bay of Mannar Marine National Park 

Guindy National Park

According to the new report study based on fossil leaves, Indian Monsoon 25 million years prior looked like present day Australia's. 

Understanding the previous dynamic of Indian Monsoon will help in environment demonstrating for future storm forecast. 

Main key points 

About the Study: 

The morphological characters of fossil leaves from various geographical ages gathered from Deccan Volcanic Province, East Garo Hills of Meghalaya, Gurha mine in Rajasthan and Makum Coalfield in Assam were investigated. 

Plant leaf morphological characters like peak, base and shape are biologically tuned with the predominant climatic conditions to adjust for every one of the seasons consistently. 

The outcomes demonstrated that the fossil leaves from India were adjusted to an Australian sort of rainstorm and not the current Indian storm framework during its journey. 

After India isolated from Gondwana, its 9000 km toward the north journey from the Southern Hemisphere to its advanced position got together with Eurasia required 160 million years. 

The reproduced temperature information show that the environment was warm (tropical to subtropical) at all the examined fossil locales with temperatures changing from 16.3–21.3 degrees C. 

Every one of the fossil locales experienced high precipitation, which changed from 191.6 cm to 232 cm. 

Separation of India from Gondwana: 

In excess of 140 million years prior, India was a piece of the supercontinent called Gondwana. 

The Gondwana was made out of current South America, Africa, Antarctica, and Australia. 

Tethys Ocean - a massive waterway isolated Gondwana from Eurasia. 

At the point when this supercontinent split up, a structural plate made out of India and current Madagascar began to float away. 

At that point, India split from Madagascar and floated north-toward the east with a speed of around 20 cm/year. 

The mainland crashed into Eurasia around 50 million years prior, bringing about the Himalayas. 

These days, India is as yet moving a similar way yet with a lower speed of around 4 cm/year, because of the obstruction of the Eurasian plate. 

Indian Monsoon 

The environment of India is depicted as the 'rainstorm' type. In Asia, this sort of environment is discovered essentially in the south and the southeast. 

Out of an aggregate of 4 occasional divisions of India, rainstorm possesses 2 divisions, specifically, 

The southwest storm season - Rainfall got from the southwest rainstorm is occasional in character, which happens among June and September. 

The withdrawing storm season - The long periods of October and November are known for withdrawing rainstorm. 

Factors Influencing Southwest Monsoon Formation: 

The differential warming and cooling of land and water makes a low tension on the landmass of India while the oceans around experience similarly high pressing factor. 

The shift of the situation of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer, over the Ganga plain (this is the central box ordinarily situated about 5°N of the equator. It is otherwise called the storm box during the rainstorm season). 

The presence of the great pressing factor territory, east of Madagascar, roughly at 20°S over the Indian Ocean. The power and position of this high-pressure territory influence the Indian Monsoon. 

The Tibetan level gets seriously warmed during summer, which brings about solid vertical air flows and the development of low pressing factor over the level at around 9 km above ocean level. 

The development of the westerly fly stream toward the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly fly stream over the Indian promontory during summer. 

Tropical Easterly Jet (African Easterly Jet). 

El Nino/Southern Oscillation (SO): Normally when the tropical eastern south Pacific Ocean encounters high pressing factor, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean encounters low pressing factor. In any case, in specific years, there is an inversion in the pressing factor conditions and the eastern Pacific has lower pressure in contrast with the eastern Indian Ocean. This intermittent change in pressure conditions is known as the SO.

According to the recent news, the scientists have gotten new information about Venus by bouncing radio waves off the planet. 

The scientists communicated radio waves toward Venus multiple times from 2006 to 2020 from NASA's Goldstone Antenna in the Mojave Desert of California and considered the radio reverberation, which gave data on

certain planetary traits. 

Main key points 

Most latest Findings: 

A single Venusian turn takes 243.0226 Earth days. This implies a day endures longer than a year on Venus, which makes a total circle around the sun in 225 Earth days. 

The Venusian planetary center has a measurement of around 7,000 km, practically identical to Earth's center which is 6,970 km. 

The Venusian slant is at about 2.64 degrees. Earth's is about 23.5 degrees.

 

 

Presence of phosphine was distinguished in the climate of Venus.This shows the chance of the presence of lifeforms on Venus.

 

As per an examination distributed in Nature Geoscience, Venus is still topographically dynamic. 

The examination distinguished 37 dynamic volcanoes, through ring-like constructions known as coronae, on the outside of Venus. 

About Venus :

 

Venus, the second planet from the sun, is comparative in structure yet marginally more modest than (Earth's Twin). 

It has a thick and poisonous climate that comprises essentially of carbon dioxide, with billows of sulphuric corrosive beads. 

With a runaway nursery impact, its surface temperatures arrive at 471 degrees Celsius, sufficiently hot to dissolve lead. 

The wonder, called the 'runaway nursery' impact, happens when a planet retains more energy from the sun than it can transmit back to space. Under these conditions, the more smoking the surface temperature gets, the quicker it heats up. 

Venus is one of only two planets that turn from east to west. Just Venus and Uranus have this "regressive" turn. 

Venus has no moons and no rings. 

On Venus, one day-night cycle takes 117 Earth days since Venus pivots toward the path inverse of its orbital upheaval around the Sun. 

Missions Related to Venus: 

G7 Foreign Ministers’ Meet

According to the recent news, the Foreign Ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) nations (USA, UK, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan) held a gathering in London, UK. 

The 47th G7 Summit will be held in June 2021. The UK is the host country. 

Main key points 

About: 

Invited Guests: 

Australia, India, South Korea, South Africa and the Chair (Brunei Darussalam) of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). 

Australia, India, South Korea and South Africa will likewise join the G7 Summit in June. 

Discussion: 

Russia's Irresponsible and Destabilizing Behaviours: This incorporates the enormous development of Russian military powers on Ukraine's lines and in unlawfully added Crimea. 

Identified with China: Human rights infringement and maltreatments in Xinjiang and in Tibet, particularly the focusing of Uyghurs, individuals from other ethnic and strict minority gatherings. 

Approached China to regard Hong Kong's serious level of self-rule and rights and opportunities (Basic Law). 

Censured the military upset in Myanmar. 

Indo-Pacific: 

Backing for the centrality of ASEAN on the Indo-Pacific. 

Emphasized the significance of keeping a free and open Indo-Pacific which is comprehensive and dependent on law and order, popularity based qualities, regional trustworthiness, straightforwardness, the insurance of basic liberties and essential opportunities, and the serene goal of questions. 

Global Rules-based Order: 

This can be depicted as a common responsibility by all nations to direct their exercises as per concurred decides that develop over the long haul, like worldwide law, provincial security game plans, economic alliance, migration conventions, and social courses of action. 

Group of Seven (G7) countries: 

Unique Disability Identification Portal

According recent report the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has given a notice making it required for all States/UTs to give endorsement of incapacity through online mode just using UDID (Unique Disability ID) entry w.e.f. 01.06.2021. 

Main key points 

Unique Disability Identification (UDID) Portal: 

The project is being carried out with a perspective on making a National Database for people with inabilities (PwDs), and to give a Unique Disability Identity Card to each PwDs. 

The project won't just encourage straightforwardness, productivity and simplicity of conveying the public authority advantages to the individual with handicaps, yet in addition guarantee consistency. 

The venture will also help in smoothing out the following of physical and monetary advancement of beneficiaries at all degrees of progression of execution – from town level, block level, District level, State level and National level. 

Right of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016: 

Right of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 replaces the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995. 

Disabilities has been characterized dependent upon an advancing and dynamic idea. 

It expands the quantum of booking for individuals experiencing inabilities from 3% to 4% in government occupations and from 3% to 5% in advanced education organizations. 

This Act aligns our law with the United National Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), to which India is a signatory. 

Others Programs/Initiatives for Disableds: 

Available India Campaign: Creation of Accessible Environment for PwDs. 

DeenDayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme: Financial help is given to NGOs to offering different types of assistance to Persons with Disabilities. 

Help to Disabled Persons for Purchase/fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP): It targets helping the crippled people by bringing appropriate, solid, logically made, present day, standard guides and apparatuses inside their range. 

Public Fellowship for Students with Disabilities: It intends to build freedoms to understudies with handicaps for seeking after advanced education.