Chip manufacturing plan
The
Centre has decided to reopen the window for applying to its Rs 76,000 crore
semiconductor manufacturing plan.
Ø First announced in
December 2021, it is a roughly $10 billion dollar production-linked incentive
(PLI) scheme to encourage semiconductor and display manufacturing in the
country.
Ø The scheme was
modified in September 2022 as govt increased the amount of fiscal support.
Ø The new window, set to
open on June 1, will remain until December 2024.
Ø This is because the
three applications it had received under the previous window last year have run
into hurdles in setting up their respective plants.
Background -
The
government opened the first window for entities to apply to the scheme in
January 2022 and closed it in 45 days.
Three proposals
received —
Ø The government had
received three proposals to set up a fab in the country:
Ø Vedanta-Foxconn joint
venture,
Ø International consortium
ISMC and
Ø Singapore-based IGSS
Ventures.
Current status —
Ø At the moment, the
Vedanta-Foxconn proposal is the only one that the Centre has on its table.
Ø Even this proposal has
been unable to find a partner that could licence them the technology to
manufacture 28-nanometre chips.
Ø SMC, backed by Abu
Dhabi-based Next Orbit and Israel’s Tower Semiconductor, has asked the Centre
not to consider its proposal owing to a pending merger between Intel and Tower
Semiconductor.
Ø The merger continues
to be delayed more than a year after its first announcement.
Ø Singapore-based IGSS
Venture’s proposal was not found to be up to the mark by the government’s
advisory committee.
Need for domestic
manufacturing of semiconductors -
Ø Foundation stone of modern electronics industry —
Ø Semiconductors and
displays are the foundation of modern electronics industry.
Ø These are critical
components that power electronics - from computers and smartphones to the brake
sensors in cars.
To reduce import
dependency —
Ø As India does not produce
any semiconductors, the country’s demands are met with imports.
Ø The demand for
semiconductors in India will reportedly reach around USD 100 billion by 2025,
up from the current demand of USD 24 billion.
To overcome the
disruption in supply-chain —
Ø The absence of local
manufacturing affected India the most during the lockdown imposed due to the
Covid-19 pandemic.
Ø The chip-making
industry is a highly-concentrated one, with the big players being Taiwan, South
Korea, Japan and the U.S. among others.
Geopolitical
significance —
Ø In the current
geopolitical scenario, trusted sources of semiconductors and displays hold
strategic importance.
Ø These are key to the
security of critical information infrastructure.
Ø E.g., The Department
of Telecommunications has in the past raised concerns over possible bugs in the
telecom equipment sold by the Chinese company.
Ø U.S.-China tensions
over Taiwan, and the supply chain blockages owing to the RussiaUkraine conflict
have forced countries to boost the domestic manufacturing of chips.
Ø Steps taken to promote
indigenous semiconductor industry –
Ø In December 2021, the
Central government had approved the comprehensive program for the development
of sustainable semiconductor and display ecosystem in the country. This
includes:
India Semiconductor
Mission –
Ø It will be set up as
the nodal agency for efficient and smooth implementation of the schemes on
Semiconductors and Display ecosystem.
Ø It will drive the
long-term strategies for developing a sustainable semiconductors and display
ecosystem.
Ø The Mission will be
led by global experts in semiconductor and display industry.
Semiconductor Design
Companies –
Ø Support will be
provided to 100 domestic companies of semiconductor design for Integrated
Circuits (ICs), Chipsets, System on Chips (SoCs), etc.
Ø The scheme intends to
facilitate the growth of not less than 20 such companies which can achieve
turnover of more than Rs. 1500 crore in the coming five years.
Semiconductor Fabs and
Display Fabs –
Ø The Scheme for Setting
up of Semiconductor Fabs and Display Fabs in India shall extend fiscal support
of up to 50% of project cost.
Ø Central Government
will work closely with State Governments to approve applications for setting up
at least two greenfield semiconductor fabs and two display fabs in the country.
Fiscal Support –
Ø The Central Government
has announced incentives for every part of supply chain including electronic
components, sub-assemblies, and finished goods.
Ø The Government has
committed support of Rs. 2,30,000 crore (USD 30 billion) to position India as
global hub for electronics manufacturing with semiconductors as the
foundational building block.
Production Linked
Incentive (PLI) scheme for semiconductor —
Ø In September 2022,
Union Cabinet recently approved changes to the Rs 76,000-crore semiconductor
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme.
Ø With this, all
semiconductor fab plants will receive fiscal support of 50 per cent,
irrespective of node size.
Ø Node size refers to
the size of the smallest feature that can be reliably manufactured on a
semiconductor wafer using a particular fabrication process.
Ø It is often measured
in nanometers (nm).
Ø Earlier, incentives
for semiconductor fabs were based on the size of the node.
Ø For example, higher
end nodes were given an incentive of 30 per cent of the project cost.
Chips to Startup (C2S)
programme —
Ø The government has
also introduced the Chips to Startup (C2S) programme aims to train 85,000
engineers (Bachelors, Masters and Research level combined) qualified in ESDM
disciplines over a period of 5 years.
Ø ESDM – Electronic
System Design and Manufacturing.