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General Studies Paper – II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations
Introduction
India celebrated its 77th Republic Day at a time when India’s role on the global stage has become highly decisive. President Droupadi Murmu’s address to the nation was not merely an account of achievements but a resolution towards India’s democratic journey and 'Constitutional Nationalism'.
Tribute to the Nation and Cultural Pride
The President gave special importance to India’s unity and cultural consciousness:
- Sardar Patel and Vande Mataram: Mentioning the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and the 150th year of the composition of 'Vande Mataram', she emphasized the unity and integrity of the nation.
- Civilizational Pride: She presented India as a messenger of peace and stability, acting as a balanced voice in a war-torn world.
Economic and Defence Achievements: Towards Self-reliant India
Practical aspects of India’s growing power were highlighted in the address:
- Economic Superpower: Appreciation was shown for India’s progress toward becoming the world’s third-largest economy and for structural reforms like GST and new Labour Codes.
- Defence Autonomy (Operation Sindoor): The mention of 'Operation Sindoor'—a precise military action against terror infrastructure—was cited as evidence of India’s self-reliance in the defence sector and its 'pro-active' security policy.
Social Justice and Inclusive Development
The speech gave special honor to those sections which are the invisible foundation of nation-building:
- Nari Shakti (Women Power): The increasing participation of women from space to agriculture and their role as decisive 'voters' was praised.
- The Person at the Last Mile: The contributions of farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, and healthcare professionals were described as the main drivers of national progress.
Analytical Review: Achievement vs. Challenges
While the government’s achievements are inspiring, there are also some significant challenges:
- Constitutional Nationalism: The President called for loyalty to the Constitution, but real progress should be measured not just by military or economic power, but by the protection of citizens' rights.
- Federal Structure: For the strength of the Republic, it is essential to maintain balanced relations between the Center and the States. Sectarian politics and corruption are major obstacles to these constitutional ideals.
Critical Perspective: What is Missing?
Critics argue that in a posture of 'self-congratulation', the government should not ignore the daily struggles of citizens such as increasing inequality, unemployment, and social polarization. Civilizational pride should not be used as a ruse to overshadow the material problems of the present.
Way Forward
As a vibrant Republic, India must focus on the following points:
- Implementation of Constitutional Principles: Merely praising the Constitution is not enough; the State must ensure its accountability towards protecting the fundamental rights of its citizens and grounding the Directive Principles. The scale of development should not just be GDP, but the happiness of the last person.
- Promoting Constitutional Nationalism: 'Civilizational pride' should not be allowed to become a substitute for current real problems (such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality). True nationalism is one that is inclusive and safeguards democratic values at every level.
- Strengthening the Federal Structure: India’s diversity and its strength lie in its federal character. Cooperative federalism between the Center and States should be promoted so that decentralization of power remains and regional aspirations are respected.
- Institutional Integrity and Strike on Corruption: Corruption and narrow politics weaken the roots of democracy. The ideals of the Republic can only be saved through a transparent governance system and the strengthening of independent institutions.
- Self-reflection and Reform: The government should engage in self-reflection on its shortcomings along with its achievements. Instead of ignoring the voices of civil society and the opposition, they should be viewed as opportunities for reform.
Conclusion
The 77th Republic Day is a proud moment for India. India’s military power and economic growth are commendable, but the real success of the Republic lies in how deeply it enables every citizen to experience justice, liberty, and equality. The path to 'Viksit Bharat' passes not only through economic statistics but through the successful implementation of constitutional ideals.
General Studies Paper – II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations