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- The rules have been framed under the Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act, 2023, to ensure seamless functioning and improved coordination within Inter-Services Organisations (ISOs). These rules are intended to enhance jointness among the Armed Forces by reinforcing command and control mechanisms.
- They authorize the Commander-in-Chief (CiC) of a Joint Services Command, the Officer-in-Command (OiC) of an Inter-Service Establishment, and the Commanding Officer (CO) of an Inter-Services Unit to exercise full disciplinary and administrative authority over all personnel attached to their respective ISOs.
- Matters not explicitly covered by these rules, or residuary powers, are to be decided by the Central Government. The Act allows the government to establish ISOs, including Joint Services Commands, comprising members from at least two of the three Services—Army, Navy, and Air Force.
- The Central Government retains superintendence over ISOs, with authority to issue directions in the interest of national security or administration.
- The Union Cabinet has recently approved the continuation of the Interest Subvention component under the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme for FY 2025–26, along with necessary funding provisions.
- Modified Interest Subvention Scheme
- This Central Sector Scheme aims to make short-term agricultural credit affordable for farmers via the Kisan Credit Card (KCC). Under the scheme, farmers can avail of loans up to ₹3 lakh at a concessional interest rate of 7%. Lending institutions receive a 1.5% interest subvention, while farmers who repay on time receive an additional 3% Prompt Repayment Incentive, effectively reducing the interest rate to 4%. For fisheries and animal husbandry, the interest benefit applies up to ₹2 lakh.
- Implemented by: RBI and NABARD.
- Complementary Initiatives
- Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF): Supports loans for farm-gate infrastructure to reduce post-harvest losses.
- PM-KUSUM: Promotes renewable energy with subsidies for solar equipment.
- Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM): Encourages sustainable agriculture through carbon credit generation.
- The report “Resilience Pays: Financing and Investing for our Future” emphasizes that risk-informed investments can significantly reduce debt burdens, uninsurable losses, and humanitarian crises.
- Key Insights:
- Disaster-related costs now exceed $2.3 trillion annually, much of which remains uninsured—even in advanced economies. Despite this, only 2% of development aid is directed toward Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), though each $1 invested can save up to $15 in recovery.
- Developing Country Concerns:
- Only 49% of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) had multi-hazard early warning systems by 2023.
- India-Specific Observations:
- Cyclone Fani (2019) caused $1.2 billion in infrastructure damage in Odisha. Climate-related disasters have displaced 10–30 million people internally. Changing climate patterns may reduce living standards by 9% by 2050. Insurance penetration remains under 1%, leaving most at financial risk.
- Sendai Framework (2015–2030):
Successor to the Hyogo Framework, it outlines seven targets and four priorities, including risk understanding, governance, and building back better after disasters.